Human resource managers
AI can help with a few sub-tasks (emails, paperwork), but the core of the job doesn't change.
Exposure is not job loss: it shows how much of the work generative AI could do today. Whether that turns into transformation, productivity gains or cuts depends on employers, regulation — and on you.
0 = today’s generative AI cannot perform any of the job’s tasks, 100 = it could do all of them fully. The pale band is the spread across tasks.
Work out your own score ↓What can you do?
The AI analysis for this occupation is still being prepared — the background process covers a few occupations every day.
Task by task
The ILO scored every task of the occupation separately, as the average of two AI models (GPT-4o and Gemini). The pale band is the range between the two models' scores, the dot the ILO's final score (for a few tasks expert review placed it outside the band).
- Overseeing the development and implementation of management information systems48
- Consulting with senior management and with managers of other departments39
- Establishing and managing budgets, controlling expenditure and ensuring the efficient use of resources38
- Representing the enterprise or organization in dealings with outside bodies.37
- Planning, directing and coordinating the personnel and industrial relations activities, policies and practices of an enterprise or organization36
- Overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff for the entire enterprise or organization36
- Planning and organizing procedures for recruitment, training, promotion, transfer and dismissal of staff35
- Establishing and directing operational and administrative procedures35
- Planning and organizing negotiations and procedures for determination of wage structures and level and for consultation with workers on conditions of employment32
- Ensuring compliance with standards and legislation relating to employees rights, health and safety, equal opportunity and related concerns31
- Overseeing safety, health and related programmes and activities28
How much does it affect you?
Every job is different: mark which of these tasks you do and how much, and we'll compute your own, time-weighted score.
For each task: I don't do it · sometimes · most of my job.
- Overseeing the development and implementation of management information systems(48)
- Consulting with senior management and with managers of other departments(39)
- Establishing and managing budgets, controlling expenditure and ensuring the efficient use of resources(38)
- Representing the enterprise or organization in dealings with outside bodies.(37)
- Planning, directing and coordinating the personnel and industrial relations activities, policies and practices of an enterprise or organization(36)
- Overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff for the entire enterprise or organization(36)
- Planning and organizing procedures for recruitment, training, promotion, transfer and dismissal of staff(35)
- Establishing and directing operational and administrative procedures(35)
- Planning and organizing negotiations and procedures for determination of wage structures and level and for consultation with workers on conditions of employment(32)
- Ensuring compliance with standards and legislation relating to employees rights, health and safety, equal opportunity and related concerns(31)
- Overseeing safety, health and related programmes and activities(28)
You are exactly at the occupation average. (The occupation's score: 36.)
About 0% of your working time goes to highly exposed tasks (score ≥ 50).
- • Overseeing the development and implementation of management information systems
- • Consulting with senior management and with managers of other departments
- • Overseeing safety, health and related programmes and activities
- • Ensuring compliance with standards and legislation relating to employees rights, health and safety, equal opportunity and related concerns
An estimate from the ILO task scores. Everything is computed in your browser — nothing is sent or stored.
How many people work in this occupational group?
Share of the Administrative and commercial managers group in total employment, by country (Eurostat, ISCO 2-digit — 4-digit breakdowns are not public by country).
Table view
| Country | Administrative and commercial managers |
|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 6.7% · 2,286 thousand · 2025 |
| Lithuania | 3.9% · 57 thousand · 2025 |
| Belgium | 3.5% · 178 thousand · 2025 |
| Iceland | 3.0% · 7 thousand · 2025 |
| Switzerland | 2.9% · 140 thousand · 2025 |
| Malta | 2.4% · 8 thousand · 2025 |
| Latvia | 2.4% · 21 thousand · 2025 |
| France | 2.3% · 675 thousand · 2025 |
| Luxembourg | 2.3% · 7 thousand · 2025 |
| Czechia | 2.2% · 113 thousand · 2025 |
| Ireland | 2.1% · 60 thousand · 2025 |
| Sweden | 2.1% · 112 thousand · 2025 |
| Poland | 2.0% · 342 thousand · 2025 |
| Norway | 2.0% · 57 thousand · 2025 |
| Austria | 1.9% · 86 thousand · 2025 |
| Slovakia | 1.7% · 44 thousand · 2025 |
| Netherlands | 1.7% · 165 thousand · 2025 |
| Finland | 1.6% · 40 thousand · 2025 |
| Bulgaria | 1.5% · 45 thousand · 2025 |
| Croatia | 1.4% · 24 thousand · 2025 |
| Slovenia | 1.3% · 13 thousand · 2025 |
| Portugal | 1.2% · 65 thousand · 2025 |
| Spain | 1.2% · 269 thousand · 2025 |
| Hungary | 1.2% · 56 thousand · 2025 |
| Cyprus | 1.1% · 6 thousand · 2025 |
| Denmark | 1.1% · 35 thousand · 2025 |
| Germany | 1.1% · 461 thousand · 2025 |
| Estonia | 0.8% · 6 thousand · 2025 |
| Greece | 0.6% · 28 thousand · 2025 |
| Romania | 0.6% · 44 thousand · 2025 |
| Italy | 0.2% · 56 thousand · 2025 |
What do they earn?
Mean gross monthly earnings in the major occupational group (Managers). Eurostat's earnings survey only publishes pay by occupation at 1 digit, so this is the job's broader group. Enterprises with 10+ employees, 2022.
By country, at purchasing power parity (PPS/month), so countries with different price levels can be compared.
- Switzerland8,354
- Italy7,983
- Luxembourg7,683
- Belgium7,390
- Germany7,172
- Denmark6,654
- Austria6,190
- Ireland6,181
- Finland6,101
- Cyprus5,842
- Norway5,718
- Iceland5,653
- Netherlands5,508
- EU275,374
- France5,226
- Sweden4,960
- Slovenia4,808
- Spain4,699
- Czechia4,257
- Portugal4,203
- Greece4,190
- Malta4,128
- Poland4,112
- Romania4,078
- Lithuania4,031
- Hungary3,641
- Bulgaria3,559
- Croatia3,524
- Slovakia3,418
- Estonia3,290
- Latvia3,288
Source: Eurostat Structure of Earnings Survey (earn_ses22_21), every four years. The United Kingdom is not covered by the survey.
Outlook to 2035
Employment in the Administrative and commercial managers group according to Cedefop's 2026 forecast.
thousand · Cedefop Skills Forecast 2026 · 2026–2035: projection
Replacement demand is the jobs left by people retiring or changing careers — even a shrinking occupation can have many openings.
Related occupations
Sources: ILO WP140 (2025) · Eurostat lfsa_egai2d · Cedefop Skills Forecast 2026 · WEF Future of Jobs 2025 · ESCO. The exposure score measures how much of an occupation's tasks generative AI could perform — not whether the job disappears. For information only, not career advice. How do we calculate this?