Accountants
Most tasks score high and the scores agree. Expect the role to be reorganised.
Exposure is not job loss: it shows how much of the work generative AI could do today. Whether that turns into transformation, productivity gains or cuts depends on employers, regulation — and on you.
0 = today’s generative AI cannot perform any of the job’s tasks, 100 = it could do all of them fully. The pale band is the spread across tasks.
Work out your own score ↓What can you do?
🤖 Written with AIThis text was written by artificial intelligence from the data points shown; it is built on verified figures but may contain mistakes.· 13/10/2026How is it made?
With an exposure score 51/100, accountants face significant task transformation rather than job loss. Generative tools automate structured reporting and cost calculations, shifting professional value toward forensic judgment, complex tax strategy, and client advisory.
What changes
- Drafting, consolidating, and standardizing statutory financial statements and regulatory reporting packages.
- Devising unit cost allocation models and calculating product cost structures across operations.
- Synthesizing productivity, inventory, and sales figures into operational management briefs.
What stays human
- Investigating suspected financial fraud, insolvency, and bankruptcy cases requiring professional skepticism.
- Contesting disputed tax claims and navigating adversarial interactions with tax officials.
- Auditing ambiguous records and applying certified ethical oversight to financial disclosures.
What to learn
- Auditing and validating automated ERP data pipelines and AI financial workflows.
- Specializing in forensic accounting, fraud detection methodologies, and corporate restructuring.
- Deepening advisory capabilities in strategic taxation, dispute resolution, and regulatory compliance.
Task by task
The ILO scored every task of the occupation separately, as the average of two AI models (GPT-4o and Gemini). The pale band is the range between the two models' scores, the dot the ILO's final score (for a few tasks expert review placed it outside the band).
- Preparing and certifying financial statements for presentation to management, shareholders and statutory or other bodies65
- Devising and controlling a system to determine unit cost of products and services.60
- Conducting investigations and advising management on financial aspects of productivity, stockholdings, sales, new products, etc.56
- Preparing or reporting on profit forecasts and budgets52
- Preparing tax returns, advising on taxation problems and contesting disputed claims before tax officials47
- Advising on, planning and installing budgetary, accounts controlling and other accounting policies and systems46
- Auditing accounts and bookkeeping records43
- Conducting financial investigations in such matters as suspected fraud, insolvency and bankruptcy42
How much does it affect you?
Every job is different: mark which of these tasks you do and how much, and we'll compute your own, time-weighted score.
For each task: I don't do it · sometimes · most of my job.
- Preparing and certifying financial statements for presentation to management, shareholders and statutory or other bodies(65)
- Devising and controlling a system to determine unit cost of products and services.(60)
- Conducting investigations and advising management on financial aspects of productivity, stockholdings, sales, new products, etc.(56)
- Preparing or reporting on profit forecasts and budgets(52)
- Preparing tax returns, advising on taxation problems and contesting disputed claims before tax officials(47)
- Advising on, planning and installing budgetary, accounts controlling and other accounting policies and systems(46)
- Auditing accounts and bookkeeping records(43)
- Conducting financial investigations in such matters as suspected fraud, insolvency and bankruptcy(42)
You are exactly at the occupation average. (The occupation's score: 51.)
About 50% of your working time goes to highly exposed tasks (score ≥ 50).
- • Preparing and certifying financial statements for presentation to management, shareholders and statutory or other bodies
- • Devising and controlling a system to determine unit cost of products and services.
- • Conducting financial investigations in such matters as suspected fraud, insolvency and bankruptcy
- • Auditing accounts and bookkeeping records
An estimate from the ILO task scores. Everything is computed in your browser — nothing is sent or stored.
How many people work in this occupational group?
Share of the Business and administration professionals group in total employment, by country (Eurostat, ISCO 2-digit — 4-digit breakdowns are not public by country).
Table view
| Country | Business and administration professionals |
|---|---|
| Luxembourg | 18.0% · 59 thousand · 2025 |
| Lithuania | 10.7% · 155 thousand · 2025 |
| Netherlands | 9.8% · 962 thousand · 2025 |
| Sweden | 7.7% · 405 thousand · 2025 |
| Ireland | 7.3% · 203 thousand · 2025 |
| Poland | 6.5% · 1,109 thousand · 2025 |
| Malta | 6.3% · 21 thousand · 2025 |
| Norway | 6.3% · 182 thousand · 2025 |
| Denmark | 6.2% · 191 thousand · 2025 |
| France | 6.2% · 1,823 thousand · 2025 |
| Estonia | 5.8% · 41 thousand · 2025 |
| Bulgaria | 5.8% · 168 thousand · 2025 |
| Belgium | 5.7% · 294 thousand · 2025 |
| Finland | 5.5% · 142 thousand · 2025 |
| Latvia | 5.1% · 45 thousand · 2025 |
| Cyprus | 4.9% · 25 thousand · 2025 |
| United Kingdom | 4.9% · 1,677 thousand · 2025 |
| Romania | 4.8% · 368 thousand · 2025 |
| Hungary | 4.6% · 213 thousand · 2025 |
| Czechia | 4.4% · 232 thousand · 2025 |
| Germany | 4.4% · 1,848 thousand · 2025 |
| Switzerland | 4.4% · 211 thousand · 2025 |
| Portugal | 4.2% · 220 thousand · 2025 |
| Slovenia | 4.1% · 41 thousand · 2025 |
| Slovakia | 4.0% · 104 thousand · 2025 |
| Austria | 3.7% · 164 thousand · 2025 |
| Iceland | 3.4% · 8 thousand · 2025 |
| Greece | 3.2% · 140 thousand · 2025 |
| Croatia | 3.1% · 54 thousand · 2025 |
| Spain | 2.9% · 653 thousand · 2025 |
| Italy | 2.7% · 656 thousand · 2025 |
What do they earn?
Mean gross monthly earnings in the major occupational group (Professionals). Eurostat's earnings survey only publishes pay by occupation at 1 digit, so this is the job's broader group. Enterprises with 10+ employees, 2022.
By country, at purchasing power parity (PPS/month), so countries with different price levels can be compared.
- Switzerland6,389
- Luxembourg5,274
- Ireland4,873
- Germany4,807
- Belgium4,799
- Denmark4,446
- Norway4,237
- Austria4,099
- Netherlands4,031
- Iceland3,875
- EU273,850
- France3,791
- Finland3,769
- Romania3,559
- Sweden3,416
- Spain3,413
- Slovenia3,326
- Italy3,305
- Cyprus3,271
- Lithuania3,221
- Croatia2,890
- Czechia2,871
- Malta2,825
- Poland2,783
- Hungary2,777
- Portugal2,755
- Latvia2,671
- Estonia2,599
- Bulgaria2,359
- Slovakia2,345
- Greece2,321
Source: Eurostat Structure of Earnings Survey (earn_ses22_21), every four years. The United Kingdom is not covered by the survey.
Outlook to 2035
Employment in the Business and administration professionals group according to Cedefop's 2026 forecast.
thousand · Cedefop Skills Forecast 2026 · 2026–2035: projection
Replacement demand is the jobs left by people retiring or changing careers — even a shrinking occupation can have many openings.
Related occupations
Sources: ILO WP140 (2025) · Eurostat lfsa_egai2d · Cedefop Skills Forecast 2026 · WEF Future of Jobs 2025 · ESCO. The exposure score measures how much of an occupation's tasks generative AI could perform — not whether the job disappears. For information only, not career advice. How do we calculate this?