Home-based personal care workers
AI can help with a few sub-tasks (emails, paperwork), but the core of the job doesn't change.
Exposure is not job loss: it shows how much of the work generative AI could do today. Whether that turns into transformation, productivity gains or cuts depends on employers, regulation — and on you.
0 = today’s generative AI cannot perform any of the job’s tasks, 100 = it could do all of them fully. The pale band is the spread across tasks.
Work out your own score ↓What can you do?
The AI analysis for this occupation is still being prepared — the background process covers a few occupations every day.
Task by task
The ILO scored every task of the occupation separately, as the average of two AI models (GPT-4o and Gemini). The pale band is the range between the two models' scores, the dot the ILO's final score (for a few tasks expert review placed it outside the band).
- Scheduling and accompanying clients for appointments with medical doctors and other health professionals or performing other errands.60
- Maintaining records of client care, changes in condition and responses to care and treatment, and reporting concerns or providing referrals to a health or social services professional47
- Providing psychological support to clients such as through conversation or reading aloud27
- Providing clients and families with emotional support and information and advice on topics such as nutrition, hygiene, exercise, caring for infants or adapting to disability or illness26
- Planning, purchasing, preparing, or serving meals to meet nutritional requirements and prescribed diets21
- Providing support to parents and care for newborns during the postpartum period14
- Maintaining clients' environmental hygiene standards, such as changing bed linen, washing clothes and dishes, and cleaning living quarters11
- Assisting clients with personal and therapeutic care needs such as personal hygiene, feeding, dressing, physical mobility and exercise, communication, taking oral medications and changing dressings, usually as per care plans established by a health professional10
- Positioning and lifting clients with physical mobility challenges, and helping transport them in wheelchairs and motor vehicles8
How much does it affect you?
Every job is different: mark which of these tasks you do and how much, and we'll compute your own, time-weighted score.
For each task: I don't do it · sometimes · most of my job.
- Scheduling and accompanying clients for appointments with medical doctors and other health professionals or performing other errands.(60)
- Maintaining records of client care, changes in condition and responses to care and treatment, and reporting concerns or providing referrals to a health or social services professional(47)
- Providing psychological support to clients such as through conversation or reading aloud(27)
- Providing clients and families with emotional support and information and advice on topics such as nutrition, hygiene, exercise, caring for infants or adapting to disability or illness(26)
- Planning, purchasing, preparing, or serving meals to meet nutritional requirements and prescribed diets(21)
- Providing support to parents and care for newborns during the postpartum period(14)
- Maintaining clients' environmental hygiene standards, such as changing bed linen, washing clothes and dishes, and cleaning living quarters(11)
- Assisting clients with personal and therapeutic care needs such as personal hygiene, feeding, dressing, physical mobility and exercise, communication, taking oral medications and changing dressings, usually as per care plans established by a health professional(10)
- Positioning and lifting clients with physical mobility challenges, and helping transport them in wheelchairs and motor vehicles(8)
You are exactly at the occupation average. (The occupation's score: 25.)
About 11% of your working time goes to highly exposed tasks (score ≥ 50).
- • Scheduling and accompanying clients for appointments with medical doctors and other health professionals or performing other errands.
- • Maintaining records of client care, changes in condition and responses to care and treatment, and reporting concerns or providing referrals to a health or social services professional
- • Positioning and lifting clients with physical mobility challenges, and helping transport them in wheelchairs and motor vehicles
- • Assisting clients with personal and therapeutic care needs such as personal hygiene, feeding, dressing, physical mobility and exercise, communication, taking oral medications and changing dressings, usually as per care plans established by a health professional
An estimate from the ILO task scores. Everything is computed in your browser — nothing is sent or stored.
How many people work in this occupational group?
Share of the Personal care workers group in total employment, by country (Eurostat, ISCO 2-digit — 4-digit breakdowns are not public by country).
Table view
| Country | Personal care workers |
|---|---|
| Norway | 8.8% · 254 thousand · 2025 |
| Sweden | 8.3% · 439 thousand · 2025 |
| Denmark | 7.6% · 235 thousand · 2025 |
| Finland | 7.5% · 196 thousand · 2025 |
| United Kingdom | 6.5% · 2,229 thousand · 2025 |
| Iceland | 6.3% · 14 thousand · 2025 |
| Malta | 5.8% · 19 thousand · 2025 |
| Ireland | 5.5% · 155 thousand · 2025 |
| Portugal | 4.7% · 248 thousand · 2025 |
| France | 4.7% · 1,366 thousand · 2025 |
| Netherlands | 4.4% · 435 thousand · 2025 |
| Spain | 3.9% · 866 thousand · 2025 |
| Austria | 3.5% · 158 thousand · 2025 |
| Belgium | 3.4% · 173 thousand · 2025 |
| Czechia | 3.2% · 168 thousand · 2025 |
| Italy | 3.2% · 765 thousand · 2025 |
| Switzerland | 3.0% · 147 thousand · 2025 |
| Latvia | 2.9% · 26 thousand · 2025 |
| Estonia | 2.6% · 18 thousand · 2025 |
| Slovakia | 2.6% · 67 thousand · 2025 |
| Bulgaria | 2.5% · 72 thousand · 2025 |
| Slovenia | 2.3% · 23 thousand · 2025 |
| Luxembourg | 2.2% · 7 thousand · 2025 |
| Germany | 2.1% · 909 thousand · 2025 |
| Lithuania | 2.1% · 30 thousand · 2025 |
| Croatia | 1.9% · 33 thousand · 2025 |
| Romania | 1.9% · 145 thousand · 2025 |
| Cyprus | 1.6% · 8 thousand · 2025 |
| Hungary | 1.6% · 76 thousand · 2025 |
| Poland | 1.3% · 231 thousand · 2025 |
| Greece | 0.9% · 40 thousand · 2025 |
What do they earn?
Mean gross monthly earnings in the major occupational group (Service and sales workers). Eurostat's earnings survey only publishes pay by occupation at 1 digit, so this is the job's broader group. Enterprises with 10+ employees, 2022.
By country, at purchasing power parity (PPS/month), so countries with different price levels can be compared.
- Switzerland3,559
- Ireland2,981
- Iceland2,762
- Norway2,734
- Luxembourg2,698
- Belgium2,689
- Denmark2,619
- Germany2,310
- Sweden2,292
- Finland2,182
- Netherlands2,147
- Austria2,135
- EU272,105
- France2,099
- Italy2,088
- Slovenia1,822
- Malta1,773
- Spain1,759
- Lithuania1,577
- Czechia1,467
- Poland1,464
- Croatia1,458
- Greece1,421
- Cyprus1,410
- Slovakia1,403
- Romania1,372
- Hungary1,299
- Estonia1,266
- Portugal1,202
- Latvia1,186
- Bulgaria917
Source: Eurostat Structure of Earnings Survey (earn_ses22_21), every four years. The United Kingdom is not covered by the survey.
Outlook to 2035
Employment in the Personal care workers group according to Cedefop's 2026 forecast.
thousand · Cedefop Skills Forecast 2026 · 2026–2035: projection
Replacement demand is the jobs left by people retiring or changing careers — even a shrinking occupation can have many openings.
Related occupations
Sources: ILO WP140 (2025) · Eurostat lfsa_egai2d · Cedefop Skills Forecast 2026 · WEF Future of Jobs 2025 · ESCO. The exposure score measures how much of an occupation's tasks generative AI could perform — not whether the job disappears. For information only, not career advice. How do we calculate this?