Personal care workers in health services not elsewhere classified
In the ILO's assessment few of the job's tasks can be done by generative AI, or the scores are too spread out to reach gradient 1 — generative AI does not meaningfully take over the core of the work.
Exposure is not job loss: it shows how much of the work generative AI could do today. Whether that turns into transformation, productivity gains or cuts depends on employers, regulation — and on you.
0 = today’s generative AI cannot perform any of the job’s tasks, 100 = it could do all of them fully. The pale band is the spread across tasks.
Work out your own score ↓What can you do?
The AI analysis for this occupation is still being prepared — the background process covers a few occupations every day.
Task by task
The ILO scored every task of the occupation separately, as the average of two AI models (GPT-4o and Gemini). The pale band is the range between the two models' scores, the dot the ILO's final score (for a few tasks expert review placed it outside the band).
- Labelling drugs, chemicals and other pharmaceutical preparations and replenishing stock on shelves21
- Preparing patients for examination or treatment14
- Exposing diagnostic X-rays.14
- Lifting, turning and moving patients and transporting them in wheelchairs or on moveable beds14
- Setting up instrument trays, preparing materials, and assisting dentists or radiographers during procedures14
- Cleaning and sterilizing surgical, dental and pharmaceutical instruments, bottles, beakers and other equipment13
How much does it affect you?
Every job is different: mark which of these tasks you do and how much, and we'll compute your own, time-weighted score.
For each task: I don't do it · sometimes · most of my job.
- Labelling drugs, chemicals and other pharmaceutical preparations and replenishing stock on shelves(21)
- Preparing patients for examination or treatment(14)
- Exposing diagnostic X-rays.(14)
- Lifting, turning and moving patients and transporting them in wheelchairs or on moveable beds(14)
- Setting up instrument trays, preparing materials, and assisting dentists or radiographers during procedures(14)
- Cleaning and sterilizing surgical, dental and pharmaceutical instruments, bottles, beakers and other equipment(13)
You are exactly at the occupation average. (The occupation's score: 15.)
About 0% of your working time goes to highly exposed tasks (score ≥ 50).
- • Labelling drugs, chemicals and other pharmaceutical preparations and replenishing stock on shelves
- • Preparing patients for examination or treatment
- • Cleaning and sterilizing surgical, dental and pharmaceutical instruments, bottles, beakers and other equipment
- • Setting up instrument trays, preparing materials, and assisting dentists or radiographers during procedures
An estimate from the ILO task scores. Everything is computed in your browser — nothing is sent or stored.
How many people work in this occupational group?
Share of the Personal care workers group in total employment, by country (Eurostat, ISCO 2-digit — 4-digit breakdowns are not public by country).
Table view
| Country | Personal care workers |
|---|---|
| Norway | 8.8% · 254 thousand · 2025 |
| Sweden | 8.3% · 439 thousand · 2025 |
| Denmark | 7.6% · 235 thousand · 2025 |
| Finland | 7.5% · 196 thousand · 2025 |
| United Kingdom | 6.5% · 2,229 thousand · 2025 |
| Iceland | 6.3% · 14 thousand · 2025 |
| Malta | 5.8% · 19 thousand · 2025 |
| Ireland | 5.5% · 155 thousand · 2025 |
| Portugal | 4.7% · 248 thousand · 2025 |
| France | 4.7% · 1,366 thousand · 2025 |
| Netherlands | 4.4% · 435 thousand · 2025 |
| Spain | 3.9% · 866 thousand · 2025 |
| Austria | 3.5% · 158 thousand · 2025 |
| Belgium | 3.4% · 173 thousand · 2025 |
| Czechia | 3.2% · 168 thousand · 2025 |
| Italy | 3.2% · 765 thousand · 2025 |
| Switzerland | 3.0% · 147 thousand · 2025 |
| Latvia | 2.9% · 26 thousand · 2025 |
| Estonia | 2.6% · 18 thousand · 2025 |
| Slovakia | 2.6% · 67 thousand · 2025 |
| Bulgaria | 2.5% · 72 thousand · 2025 |
| Slovenia | 2.3% · 23 thousand · 2025 |
| Luxembourg | 2.2% · 7 thousand · 2025 |
| Germany | 2.1% · 909 thousand · 2025 |
| Lithuania | 2.1% · 30 thousand · 2025 |
| Croatia | 1.9% · 33 thousand · 2025 |
| Romania | 1.9% · 145 thousand · 2025 |
| Cyprus | 1.6% · 8 thousand · 2025 |
| Hungary | 1.6% · 76 thousand · 2025 |
| Poland | 1.3% · 231 thousand · 2025 |
| Greece | 0.9% · 40 thousand · 2025 |
What do they earn?
Mean gross monthly earnings in the major occupational group (Service and sales workers). Eurostat's earnings survey only publishes pay by occupation at 1 digit, so this is the job's broader group. Enterprises with 10+ employees, 2022.
By country, at purchasing power parity (PPS/month), so countries with different price levels can be compared.
- Switzerland3,559
- Ireland2,981
- Iceland2,762
- Norway2,734
- Luxembourg2,698
- Belgium2,689
- Denmark2,619
- Germany2,310
- Sweden2,292
- Finland2,182
- Netherlands2,147
- Austria2,135
- EU272,105
- France2,099
- Italy2,088
- Slovenia1,822
- Malta1,773
- Spain1,759
- Lithuania1,577
- Czechia1,467
- Poland1,464
- Croatia1,458
- Greece1,421
- Cyprus1,410
- Slovakia1,403
- Romania1,372
- Hungary1,299
- Estonia1,266
- Portugal1,202
- Latvia1,186
- Bulgaria917
Source: Eurostat Structure of Earnings Survey (earn_ses22_21), every four years. The United Kingdom is not covered by the survey.
Outlook to 2035
Employment in the Personal care workers group according to Cedefop's 2026 forecast.
thousand · Cedefop Skills Forecast 2026 · 2026–2035: projection
Replacement demand is the jobs left by people retiring or changing careers — even a shrinking occupation can have many openings.
Related occupations
Sources: ILO WP140 (2025) · Eurostat lfsa_egai2d · Cedefop Skills Forecast 2026 · WEF Future of Jobs 2025 · ESCO. The exposure score measures how much of an occupation's tasks generative AI could perform — not whether the job disappears. For information only, not career advice. How do we calculate this?