Jewellery and precious-metal workers
In the ILO's assessment few of the job's tasks can be done by generative AI, or the scores are too spread out to reach gradient 1 — generative AI does not meaningfully take over the core of the work.
Exposure is not job loss: it shows how much of the work generative AI could do today. Whether that turns into transformation, productivity gains or cuts depends on employers, regulation — and on you.
0 = today’s generative AI cannot perform any of the job’s tasks, 100 = it could do all of them fully. The pale band is the spread across tasks.
Work out your own score ↓What can you do?
The AI analysis for this occupation is still being prepared — the background process covers a few occupations every day.
Task by task
The ILO scored every task of the occupation separately, as the average of two AI models (GPT-4o and Gemini). The pale band is the range between the two models' scores, the dot the ILO's final score (for a few tasks expert review placed it outside the band).
- Examining assembled or finished products to ensure conformance to specifications, using magnifying glasses or precision measuring instruments.28
- Examining gem surfaces and internal structures, using polariscopes, refractometers, microscopes, and other optical instruments to differentiate between stones, to identify rare specimens, or to detect flaws, defects or peculiarities affecting gem values25
- Creating new jewellery designs and modifying existing designs, using computers as necessary23
- Altering existing jewellery mountings in order to reposition jewels or to adjust mountings17
- Cutting designs in moulds or other materials to be used as models in the fabrication of metal and jewellery products15
- Engraving or embossing letters, designs or decorative lines on jewellery and precious metal ware15
- Making complete jewellery articles such as rings, necklaces, bangles, brooches and bracelets from materials such as gold, silver, platinum and precious or semi-precious stones15
- Repairing, reshaping and restyling old jewellery or precious metal ware following designs or instructions15
- Cutting and polishing gems and setting them in jewellery articles14
- Casting jewellery and other non-ferrous metal articles by hand14
- Grinding, drilling and finishing jewel bearings for use in precision instruments such as compasses and chronometers13
How much does it affect you?
Every job is different: mark which of these tasks you do and how much, and we'll compute your own, time-weighted score.
For each task: I don't do it · sometimes · most of my job.
- Examining assembled or finished products to ensure conformance to specifications, using magnifying glasses or precision measuring instruments.(28)
- Examining gem surfaces and internal structures, using polariscopes, refractometers, microscopes, and other optical instruments to differentiate between stones, to identify rare specimens, or to detect flaws, defects or peculiarities affecting gem values(25)
- Creating new jewellery designs and modifying existing designs, using computers as necessary(23)
- Altering existing jewellery mountings in order to reposition jewels or to adjust mountings(17)
- Cutting designs in moulds or other materials to be used as models in the fabrication of metal and jewellery products(15)
- Engraving or embossing letters, designs or decorative lines on jewellery and precious metal ware(15)
- Making complete jewellery articles such as rings, necklaces, bangles, brooches and bracelets from materials such as gold, silver, platinum and precious or semi-precious stones(15)
- Repairing, reshaping and restyling old jewellery or precious metal ware following designs or instructions(15)
- Cutting and polishing gems and setting them in jewellery articles(14)
- Casting jewellery and other non-ferrous metal articles by hand(14)
- Grinding, drilling and finishing jewel bearings for use in precision instruments such as compasses and chronometers(13)
You are exactly at the occupation average. (The occupation's score: 18.)
About 0% of your working time goes to highly exposed tasks (score ≥ 50).
- • Examining assembled or finished products to ensure conformance to specifications, using magnifying glasses or precision measuring instruments.
- • Examining gem surfaces and internal structures, using polariscopes, refractometers, microscopes, and other optical instruments to differentiate between stones, to identify rare specimens, or to detect flaws, defects or peculiarities affecting gem values
- • Grinding, drilling and finishing jewel bearings for use in precision instruments such as compasses and chronometers
- • Casting jewellery and other non-ferrous metal articles by hand
An estimate from the ILO task scores. Everything is computed in your browser — nothing is sent or stored.
How many people work in this occupational group?
Share of the Handicraft and printing workers group in total employment, by country (Eurostat, ISCO 2-digit — 4-digit breakdowns are not public by country).
Table view
| Country | Handicraft and printing workers |
|---|---|
| Italy | 1.0% · 230 thousand · 2025 |
| Switzerland | 0.7% · 32 thousand · 2025 |
| Slovenia | 0.6% · 6 thousand · 2025 |
| Hungary | 0.6% · 28 thousand · 2025 |
| Bulgaria | 0.5% · 16 thousand · 2025 |
| Portugal | 0.5% · 27 thousand · 2025 |
| Lithuania | 0.5% · 7 thousand · 2025 |
| Poland | 0.5% · 80 thousand · 2025 |
| Germany | 0.5% · 192 thousand · 2025 |
| Malta | 0.4% · 1 thousand · 2025 |
| Czechia | 0.4% · 22 thousand · 2025 |
| Croatia | 0.4% · 7 thousand · 2025 |
| France | 0.4% · 117 thousand · 2025 |
| Slovakia | 0.4% · 10 thousand · 2025 |
| Greece | 0.4% · 17 thousand · 2025 |
| Austria | 0.4% · 16 thousand · 2025 |
| Estonia | 0.3% · 2 thousand · 2025 |
| United Kingdom | 0.3% · 108 thousand · 2025 |
| Romania | 0.3% · 24 thousand · 2025 |
| Belgium | 0.3% · 16 thousand · 2025 |
| Spain | 0.3% · 65 thousand · 2025 |
| Netherlands | 0.3% · 28 thousand · 2025 |
| Denmark | 0.3% · 9 thousand · 2025 |
| Latvia | 0.3% · 2 thousand · 2025 |
| Norway | 0.2% · 7 thousand · 2025 |
| Sweden | 0.2% · 13 thousand · 2025 |
| Ireland | 0.2% · 6 thousand · 2025 |
| Cyprus | 0.2% · 1 thousand · 2025 |
| Finland | 0.2% · 5 thousand · 2025 |
What do they earn?
Mean gross monthly earnings in the major occupational group (Craft and related trades workers). Eurostat's earnings survey only publishes pay by occupation at 1 digit, so this is the job's broader group. Enterprises with 10+ employees, 2022.
By country, at purchasing power parity (PPS/month), so countries with different price levels can be compared.
- Switzerland4,098
- Iceland3,826
- Denmark3,666
- Norway3,260
- Belgium2,979
- Germany2,859
- Luxembourg2,760
- Sweden2,733
- Netherlands2,717
- Austria2,715
- Finland2,711
- EU272,364
- Italy2,314
- Ireland2,200
- Spain2,124
- France2,122
- Malta2,032
- Slovenia2,012
- Lithuania2,008
- Greece1,799
- Estonia1,795
- Poland1,787
- Czechia1,781
- Cyprus1,751
- Romania1,734
- Hungary1,684
- Latvia1,680
- Slovakia1,672
- Croatia1,505
- Portugal1,285
- Bulgaria1,217
Source: Eurostat Structure of Earnings Survey (earn_ses22_21), every four years. The United Kingdom is not covered by the survey.
Outlook to 2035
Employment in the Handicraft and printing workers group according to Cedefop's 2026 forecast.
thousand · Cedefop Skills Forecast 2026 · 2026–2035: projection
Replacement demand is the jobs left by people retiring or changing careers — even a shrinking occupation can have many openings.
Related occupations
- Precision-instrument makers and repairers21
- Glass makers, cutters, grinders and finishers19
- Potters and related workers18
- Sign writers, decorative painters, engravers and etchers18
- Musical instrument makers and tuners14
- Handicraft workers in wood, basketry and related materials14
- Handicraft workers in textile, leather and related materials13
Sources: ILO WP140 (2025) · Eurostat lfsa_egai2d · Cedefop Skills Forecast 2026 · WEF Future of Jobs 2025 · ESCO. The exposure score measures how much of an occupation's tasks generative AI could perform — not whether the job disappears. For information only, not career advice. How do we calculate this?