Upholsterers and related workers
In the ILO's assessment few of the job's tasks can be done by generative AI, or the scores are too spread out to reach gradient 1 — generative AI does not meaningfully take over the core of the work.
Exposure is not job loss: it shows how much of the work generative AI could do today. Whether that turns into transformation, productivity gains or cuts depends on employers, regulation — and on you.
0 = today’s generative AI cannot perform any of the job’s tasks, 100 = it could do all of them fully. The pale band is the spread across tasks.
Work out your own score ↓What can you do?
The AI analysis for this occupation is still being prepared — the background process covers a few occupations every day.
Task by task
The ILO scored every task of the occupation separately, as the average of two AI models (GPT-4o and Gemini). The pale band is the range between the two models' scores, the dot the ILO's final score (for a few tasks expert review placed it outside the band).
- Discussing upholstery fabric, colour and style with customers and providing cost estimate for upholstering furniture or other items37
- Collaborating with interior designers to decorate rooms and coordinate furnishing fabrics34
- Making upholstery patterns from sketches, customer descriptions or blueprints24
- Laying out, cutting, fabricating and installing upholstery in aircrafts, motor vehicles, railway cars, boats and ships15
- Tacking, gluing or sewing ornamental trims, buckles, braids, buttons and other accessories to covers or frames on upholstered items15
- Making quilts, cushions and mattresses.14
- Renovating antique furniture using a variety of tools including ripping chisels, magnetic hammers and long needles14
- Laying out, measuring and cutting upholstery materials following patterns, templates, sketches, or design specifications13
- Installing, arranging and securing springs, padding and covering material to furniture frames13
- Sewing rips or tears in material, or creating tufting, using needle and thread13
- Sewing upholstery materials by hand to seam cushions and joining sections of covering materials12
- Repairing raw hide covering of artificial limbs8
How much does it affect you?
Every job is different: mark which of these tasks you do and how much, and we'll compute your own, time-weighted score.
For each task: I don't do it · sometimes · most of my job.
- Discussing upholstery fabric, colour and style with customers and providing cost estimate for upholstering furniture or other items(37)
- Collaborating with interior designers to decorate rooms and coordinate furnishing fabrics(34)
- Making upholstery patterns from sketches, customer descriptions or blueprints(24)
- Laying out, cutting, fabricating and installing upholstery in aircrafts, motor vehicles, railway cars, boats and ships(15)
- Tacking, gluing or sewing ornamental trims, buckles, braids, buttons and other accessories to covers or frames on upholstered items(15)
- Making quilts, cushions and mattresses.(14)
- Renovating antique furniture using a variety of tools including ripping chisels, magnetic hammers and long needles(14)
- Laying out, measuring and cutting upholstery materials following patterns, templates, sketches, or design specifications(13)
- Installing, arranging and securing springs, padding and covering material to furniture frames(13)
- Sewing rips or tears in material, or creating tufting, using needle and thread(13)
- Sewing upholstery materials by hand to seam cushions and joining sections of covering materials(12)
- Repairing raw hide covering of artificial limbs(8)
You are exactly at the occupation average. (The occupation's score: 18.)
About 0% of your working time goes to highly exposed tasks (score ≥ 50).
- • Discussing upholstery fabric, colour and style with customers and providing cost estimate for upholstering furniture or other items
- • Collaborating with interior designers to decorate rooms and coordinate furnishing fabrics
- • Repairing raw hide covering of artificial limbs
- • Sewing upholstery materials by hand to seam cushions and joining sections of covering materials
An estimate from the ILO task scores. Everything is computed in your browser — nothing is sent or stored.
How many people work in this occupational group?
Share of the Food processing, wood working, garment and other craft and related trades workers group in total employment, by country (Eurostat, ISCO 2-digit — 4-digit breakdowns are not public by country).
Table view
| Country | Food processing, wood working, garment and other craft and related trades workers |
|---|---|
| Romania | 3.2% · 250 thousand · 2025 |
| Portugal | 2.9% · 150 thousand · 2025 |
| Latvia | 2.8% · 25 thousand · 2025 |
| Poland | 2.8% · 488 thousand · 2025 |
| Lithuania | 2.8% · 41 thousand · 2025 |
| Bulgaria | 2.7% · 80 thousand · 2025 |
| Slovakia | 2.6% · 69 thousand · 2025 |
| Slovenia | 2.5% · 25 thousand · 2025 |
| Italy | 2.5% · 590 thousand · 2025 |
| Hungary | 2.3% · 109 thousand · 2025 |
| Czechia | 2.1% · 112 thousand · 2025 |
| Greece | 1.9% · 82 thousand · 2025 |
| Estonia | 1.8% · 13 thousand · 2025 |
| Croatia | 1.7% · 30 thousand · 2025 |
| Ireland | 1.7% · 48 thousand · 2025 |
| Malta | 1.7% · 6 thousand · 2025 |
| France | 1.6% · 458 thousand · 2025 |
| Spain | 1.5% · 343 thousand · 2025 |
| Germany | 1.5% · 636 thousand · 2025 |
| Austria | 1.5% · 66 thousand · 2025 |
| Belgium | 1.2% · 60 thousand · 2025 |
| Iceland | 1.2% · 3 thousand · 2025 |
| Switzerland | 1.1% · 54 thousand · 2025 |
| Cyprus | 1.0% · 5 thousand · 2025 |
| Netherlands | 0.8% · 78 thousand · 2025 |
| Finland | 0.8% · 21 thousand · 2025 |
| United Kingdom | 0.6% · 211 thousand · 2025 |
| Denmark | 0.5% · 16 thousand · 2025 |
| Sweden | 0.5% · 25 thousand · 2025 |
| Norway | 0.4% · 12 thousand · 2025 |
What do they earn?
Mean gross monthly earnings in the major occupational group (Craft and related trades workers). Eurostat's earnings survey only publishes pay by occupation at 1 digit, so this is the job's broader group. Enterprises with 10+ employees, 2022.
By country, at purchasing power parity (PPS/month), so countries with different price levels can be compared.
- Switzerland4,098
- Iceland3,826
- Denmark3,666
- Norway3,260
- Belgium2,979
- Germany2,859
- Luxembourg2,760
- Sweden2,733
- Netherlands2,717
- Austria2,715
- Finland2,711
- EU272,364
- Italy2,314
- Ireland2,200
- Spain2,124
- France2,122
- Malta2,032
- Slovenia2,012
- Lithuania2,008
- Greece1,799
- Estonia1,795
- Poland1,787
- Czechia1,781
- Cyprus1,751
- Romania1,734
- Hungary1,684
- Latvia1,680
- Slovakia1,672
- Croatia1,505
- Portugal1,285
- Bulgaria1,217
Source: Eurostat Structure of Earnings Survey (earn_ses22_21), every four years. The United Kingdom is not covered by the survey.
Outlook to 2035
Employment in the Food processing, wood working, garment and other craft and related trades workers group according to Cedefop's 2026 forecast.
thousand · Cedefop Skills Forecast 2026 · 2026–2035: projection
Replacement demand is the jobs left by people retiring or changing careers — even a shrinking occupation can have many openings.
Related occupations
Sources: ILO WP140 (2025) · Eurostat lfsa_egai2d · Cedefop Skills Forecast 2026 · WEF Future of Jobs 2025 · ESCO. The exposure score measures how much of an occupation's tasks generative AI could perform — not whether the job disappears. For information only, not career advice. How do we calculate this?